{"id":2313,"date":"2021-07-06T15:00:42","date_gmt":"2021-07-06T15:00:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/herkafadanses.com\/?p=2313"},"modified":"2023-04-07T13:20:55","modified_gmt":"2023-04-07T13:20:55","slug":"tarihin-en-olumcul-salgini-hiyarcikli-veba","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/herkafadanses.com\/en_us\/tarihin-en-olumcul-salgini-hiyarcikli-veba\/","title":{"rendered":"Tarihin En \u00d6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl Salg\u0131n\u0131: Yakla\u015f\u0131k 200 milyon insan\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcren H\u0131yarc\u0131kl\u0131 (Bubonik) Veba"},"content":{"rendered":"\"Tournai\n\t\tTournai (Bel\u00e7ika) halk\u0131 salg\u0131ndan \u00f6len insanlar\u0131 g\u00f6m\u00fcyor.\n\t

Son y\u0131llarda muhtemelen en s\u0131k duydu\u011fumuz kelime pandemidir. Bu kelime son birka\u00e7 y\u0131ld\u0131r hayat\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirdi ama tarihte insanlar salg\u0131nlarla nas\u0131l ba\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131? Var olan en \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl hastal\u0131k neydi? O zaman hadi biraz detaylara inelim.<\/p>\n\n

Peki bu H\u0131yarc\u0131kl\u0131 Veba ne t\u00fcr bir hastal\u0131kt\u0131?<\/strong><\/h2>\n

H\u0131yarc\u0131kl\u0131 Veba, biyolojik bir h\u00fccre olan veba bakterisinden<\/a> kaynaklanan bir hastal\u0131k t\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr. Bu vebaya yakaland\u0131ktan sonra yedi g\u00fcn i\u00e7erisinde grip benzeri semptomlar geli\u015fir. Bu semptomlar  ba\u015f a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131, ate\u015f, lenf bezi \u015fi\u015fmesine neden olur. Genelde \u015fi\u015fen lenf bezleri \u00e7ok k\u00f6t\u00fc bir ac\u0131yla a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\"1200px-Plaguet03\"\n\t

H\u0131yarc\u0131kl\u0131 veba \u00e7ok \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcld\u00fcr ve tedavi edilmedi\u011fi s\u00fcrece hastal\u0131\u011fa yakalanan insanlar\u0131n %40’\u0131ndan daha az\u0131 hayatta kal\u0131r. \u00c7o\u011fu \u00f6l\u00fcm, ilk semptomdan sonraki \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ve be\u015finci g\u00fcn aras\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir.<\/p>\n

U\u00e7 arterlerin (uzuvlar ve burun) hasar g\u00f6rmesi y\u00fcz\u00fcnden genelde kangrenle sonu\u00e7lanmas\u0131 \u00e7ok yay\u0131nd\u0131r. Bu da el ve ayak parmaklar\u0131n\u0131n veya kol, bacak gibi daha b\u00fcy\u00fck v\u00fccut par\u00e7alar\u0131n\u0131n kesilmesiyle sonu\u00e7lan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n yay\u0131lmas\u0131 genelde \u00f6l\u00fc hayvanlarla temasa ge\u00e7meyerek \u00f6nlenebilir, hastal\u0131k i\u00e7in etkili bir a\u015f\u0131 oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorsan\u0131z da yan\u0131l\u0131yorsunuz \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu t\u00fcr vebalarda genelde a\u015f\u0131lar \u00e7ok etkili de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

H\u0131yarc\u0131kl\u0131 veba d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na ne zaman musallat oldu?<\/p>\n

541 ve 549 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda, geni\u015f \u00e7apta ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen ilk b\u00fcy\u00fck salg\u0131n patlak verdi. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki \u0130stanbul s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde ya\u015fanan ve J\u00fcstinyen Vebas\u0131<\/a> olarak an\u0131lan bu salg\u0131n olduk\u00e7a bula\u015f\u0131c\u0131yd\u0131 ve \u00e7o\u011funlukla hayvanlar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla yay\u0131l\u0131yordu. Bu veba, d\u00f6nemin Do\u011fu Roma (Bizans) \u0130mparatoru Flavius Petrus Sabbatius Justinianus k\u0131saca J\u00fcstinyen<\/a>‘in ismiyle an\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\t

Vebaya yakalanan imparator, \u00f6l\u00fcm oran\u0131n\u0131n %50 gibi y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu bu salg\u0131n hastal\u0131ktan ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u011f\u0131r tedaviler sayesinde iyile\u015ferek hayatta kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Sadece bu salg\u0131n bile tek ba\u015f\u0131na<\/a> 25-50 milyon ki\u015finin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcyle sonu\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu veba ilk olarak Sasani \u0130mparatorlu\u011funda patlak verdi ve sadece bir sene sonra hastal\u0131k g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki \u0130stanbul’a (Konstantiniyye) ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 bile. Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u0130stanbul’a ula\u015fmas\u0131 hi\u00e7 iyi olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131 \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc hastal\u0131k buradan limandan limana yay\u0131larak t\u00fcm Akdeniz b\u00f6lgesine ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\"mosaic\n\t\t\t\t\"3482px-Cole_Thomas_The_Course_of_Empire_Destruction_1836\"\n\t

\u0130mparatorun bu vebay\u0131 kendisinin \u00fcretti\u011fini ve t\u00fcm \u0130mparatorlu\u011funu \u00f6ld\u00fcrmek isteyecek kadar zalim oldu\u011funu iddia edenler bile var.<\/p>\n

549 y\u0131llar\u0131 civar\u0131nda, veban\u0131n \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve yay\u0131lmas\u0131 sona ermi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

Aradan ge\u00e7en uzun y\u0131llardan sonra ba\u015fka bir yerde Orta\u00e7a\u011f y\u0131llar\u0131nda ikinci bir salg\u0131n patlak verdi. Bu sefer t\u00fcm Avrupa tehdit alt\u0131ndayd\u0131 1347 y\u0131l\u0131nda, H\u0131yarc\u0131kl\u0131 Veba, Avrupa n\u00fcfusunun yakla\u015f\u0131k \u00fc\u00e7te birini \u00f6ld\u00fcrecekti.<\/p>\n\t

Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n devasa bir boyutta yay\u0131lmas\u0131 ve y\u00fcksek \u00f6l\u00fcm oran\u0131yla kaos ve \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc yaratt\u0131 ve ayn\u0131 zamanda Avrupa sokaklar\u0131nda \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fiddete neden oldu. Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n getirdi\u011fi felaket yetmezmi\u015f gibi bir de insanlar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 soyuldu veya \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/p>\n

Orta Asya k\u00f6kenli olan bu veban\u0131n daha sonras\u0131nda t\u00fcm Avrupa’ya yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcyor. O d\u00f6nem i\u00e7erisinde Mo\u011folistan’da \u00e7ok fazla \u00f6l\u00fcm meydana geldi.<\/p>\n

Mo\u011follar ticaret yollar\u0131n\u0131 kesti\u011finde<\/a> veban\u0131n yay\u0131lmas\u0131 durduruldu. Veba, ticaret gemilerindeki s\u0131\u00e7anlar\u0131n getirdi\u011fi pire arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla yay\u0131larak t\u00fcm Avrupa anakaras\u0131na ula\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bu tarz bir veba son olarak 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ortalar\u0131nda Do\u011fu Asya kaynakl\u0131yd\u0131 ve ger\u00e7ek bir pandemiye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/p>\n

1894 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda, hastal\u0131k yay\u0131lmaya ve \u00f6ld\u00fcrmeye ba\u015flad\u0131 ve Haziran ay\u0131nda 80 bin ki\u015fiyi \u00f6ld\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc bile<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Bu salg\u0131n sadece \u00c7in ve Hindistan’da 12 milyondan fazla can ald\u0131 ve t\u00fcm k\u0131talara yay\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

\n\t\tBiyolojik silah olarak veba\n\t<\/h2>\n\t

\u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131nda, Japon ordusu vebay\u0131 biyolojik bir silah olarak kulland\u0131. Man\u00e7urya’da siviller ve sava\u015f esirleri kastl\u0131 olarak hastal\u0131\u011fa yakalat\u0131ld\u0131. Denek gibi kullan\u0131p etkileri inceleyen Japon ordusu kurbanlar bazen bilin\u00e7li bir \u015fekilde par\u00e7alay\u0131p \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/p>\n

Buradan yay\u0131lan hastal\u0131kla \u00c7inliler aras\u0131nda yay\u0131ld\u0131. Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n sonucunda, 200 bin \u00c7inli \u00f6ld\u00fc.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\"img-2\"\n\t\t\t\t\"bubonic-plague-news-articles-images-national-post-bubonic-plague-png-590_333\"\n\t

H\u0131yarc\u0131kl\u0131 Veba hala ortalarda m\u0131?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n

Bu da bize g\u00f6steriyor ki bu hastal\u0131klar hala var olabiliyor ancak \u015fansl\u0131y\u0131z ki veba modern farmas\u00f6tik tekniklerle tedavi edilebilir.<\/p>\n\t

Bu t\u00fcr veba vakalar\u0131n\u0131n pek \u00e7o\u011fu bilinmemekle birlikte, ABD’de y\u0131lda ortalama 15 ki\u015fide ve \u00e7o\u011funlukla Afrika’da g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr ve buradaki t\u0131p malzemelerine olan eri\u015fim eksikli\u011finden \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc \u00f6l\u00fcmlere sebep olabiliyor.<\/p>\n\t\n

    \n
  1. History Of Yesterday<\/em><\/a><\/li>\n
  2. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/sars\/<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n
  3. Wikipedia 1<\/a>, 2<\/a>, 3<\/a>, 4<\/a>, 5<\/a><\/li>\n
  4. Openlibrary.org, Justinian’s Flea<\/i><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
      \n
    1. https:\/\/hkjo.lib.hku.hk\/archive\/files\/45de276ec2338bbab18a7bbb35a4d1de.pdf<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n
    2. https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/Health\/plague-exists-now-us\/story?id=55860883<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<\/ol>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Covid 19’dan katbekat daha \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl olan bu salg\u0131n 200 milyon ki\u015finin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcyle sonu\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Peki bu salg\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve nas\u0131l sona erdi\u011fini biliyor musunuz?","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":2323,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,125],"tags":[462,452,464,465,466,457,454,460,461,459,463,458,456,455,453,467],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/herkafadanses.com\/en_us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2313"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/herkafadanses.com\/en_us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/herkafadanses.com\/en_us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/herkafadanses.com\/en_us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/12"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/herkafadanses.com\/en_us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2313"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/herkafadanses.com\/en_us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2313\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4891,"href":"https:\/\/herkafadanses.com\/en_us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2313\/revisions\/4891"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/herkafadanses.com\/en_us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2323"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/herkafadanses.com\/en_us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2313"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/herkafadanses.com\/en_us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2313"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/herkafadanses.com\/en_us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2313"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}